Google Essay

1.) An API user is given an account but is not able to view that account through the interface. The reason being: c. APIuserhasâ€Å"APIOnly†access 2.) API allows developers to use applications that: d. InteractdirectlywiththeAdWordsserver 3.) Bud would like to test new logic that uses API without modifying his live campaigns. Which tools would allow him to do this? b. AdWordsAPISandbox 4.) Which of the following allows advertisers to automate AdWords reporting and campaign management? a. UseofanAPIwebservice 5.) What is the benefit of the API? a. Advertisers can make dynamic changes to their AdWords accounts at scale. 6.) If someone wants to make frequent, specific changes to bids based on criteria for more than 100k keywords, what tool is most efficient? b. AdWordsAPI 7.) A user clicks on an ad for sneakers. He isn’t directed to a page with sneakers. He also receives : c. Linktoarelevantpageandremovethepop-up 8.) A good landing page for spring dresses would display? a. Severalcolorsofspringdresses 9.) A benefit of including a keyword within an ad text is that the keyword will: d. Itwillappearboldwithinthead 10.) To differentiate ads from competitors advertisers should: c. Includeprice,promotionsandacall-to-action 11.) How can advertisers determine the most profitable keywords within a company? b. Comparethecostincurredbyeachkeywordwiththeconversiondataforthatkeyword. 12.) You search keywords that should trigger your ad but your ad doesn’t appear. Why is this? a. Yourcampaigns are targeting a location outside where you are physically located. 13.) You want to increase the position of an ad but don’t want to raise the bid. How can you increase ad rank? c. Makechangestoimprovethequalityscoreofthead’skeywords. 14.) A high quality score can: b. Improveanad’sposition 15.) What is the most appropriate action to take if your keywords are below the â€Å"first page bid estimate?† a. Considerincreasingthebidoreditingthekeywordtoimprovequalityscore. 16.) You make edits to an ad and the position decreases. What was the cause? d. Theeditedversionislessrelevanttothekeywordswithintheadgroup. 17.) You have the same keyword in two different ad groups. The one to win within an auction will be the one with: b. Thebestqualityscore 18.) To improve the performance of an ad group on a search network, advertisers should create ad groups by creating: b. Keywordsthatarealsoincludedintheadtext 19.) In an AdWords account, which statistic is viewable for each ad group? c. Averagecostperclick 20.) Which of the following is the recommended action for new mobile ad campaigns? a. Useamobile-optimizedlandingpage 21.) An advertiser selling computer monitors is writing new ad text. Which line of ad text fits AdWords policy? d. 20-70%offLCDmonitors 22.) To achieve the best performance of text ads, which is a best practice? c. Includewordslikefindandsearchintheadtext 23.) What type of keywords tend to perform better with mobile ads? d. Shortgeneralkeywords 24.) A campaign that is targeting desktops is only performing well with text and image ads. The advertisers want to reach mobile devices. They should: b. Createaseparateadgroupformobileadswithintheexistingcampaign. 25.) If the query â€Å"Seattle Plumbers† is entered, Google will use the location term that is part of the query to show ads: a. TargetedtoSeattleregardlessoftheuser’sphysicallocation 26.) You are running a campaign that targets only France. However, you see clicks from users in Switzerland. Why might this happen? a. UsersinSwitzerlandaresearchingonGoogle’sFrenchdomain 27.) What is the quickest way to add a long list of locations to target in an AdWords campaign? d. Usethebulklinkinthecustomtaboflocationsettings 28.) Why would an advertiser use the bundles option when choosing location targeting? b. Toquicklyselectagroupofcountriesorterritoriestotarget 29.) Which tool allows you to test different combinations of website content for the purpose of improving conversion? c. Websiteoptimizer 30.) It is important to identify specific goals of an AdWords campaign so you can: c. Makestrategicchangestotheaccounttoimproveperformance 31.) A florist is advertising for five types of flowers, including red roses. When users type the phrase â€Å"red roses† Google shows the ad. What landing is more likely to result in a sale? a. Apageonthesitethatdisplaysonlyroses. 32.) Which of the following are key elements when optimizing a landing page for AdWords? b. Relevantandoriginalcontentthatclearlyrepresentsthebusiness. 33.) What report helps you identify which pages on your site should be optimized? d. Toplandingpages 34.) A user conducts a â€Å"laptop computers† search and clicks on an ad. Which landing page could be most relevant? d. Categorypagecontainingavarietyoflaptopcomputers. 35.) An advertiser can provide physical address location info about their business through Google places account. Ads that include this type of info are eligible to show on: a. Anynetworksselectedinthecampaign’ssettings 36.) Which feature distinguishes location extension from regional and customized campaign targeting? b. Customizedcampaigntargetingisrequiredinordertoenablelocationextensions. 37.) Business listings in Google places can be:

Amusing Ourselves to Death Summary

Amusing Ourselves to Death Summary Neil Postman in his speech called â€Å"Amusing Ourselves to Death,† which he gave in the year of 1984, takes a point of view which explains how the American society is slowly trying to have entertainment over-take every aspect of their lives. He explains how America is losing its desire to read or explore education and informative literary sources. He says in his speech, â€Å"America is engaged in the world’s most ambitious experiment to accommodate itself to the technological distractions made possible by the electric plug. He states statistics that ninety-eight percent of all American homes have a television set and fifty-one percent have two or more television sets in 1984. He’s main point is that Americans use the television to provide entertainment to all aspects of their world. This includes the news, educational programs, and even religion. He says that, â€Å"television is transforming all serious public business int o junk. America is now forced with creating programs that will catch the attention of an audience that is used to having entertaining aspects in all forms of their life. In order to give a point of view or some other important information, television needs to present it in a way to keep the viewer interested. Neil Postman is afraid that America is starting to lose the ability to engage in discussions and lectures without an entertaining aspect in it. He says, â€Å"America is the world’s first culture in jeopardy of amusing itself to death. †

Fedex

FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game. Fedex Critical Thinking and Project Management Homework #2 use a Dunker Diagram to identify many potential solutions The Dunker diagram technique is used after you have articulated your â€Å"present state† and â€Å"desired state†. It is used to generate many ideas for solutions to a problem. But It works by prompting you to not only consider solutions that achieve the desired state but also solutions that make It â€Å"okay† -with you – to NOT necessarily achieve the desired state.This technique Is a good one to use when you recognize hat it may be impossible to achieve your desired state completely, and therefore, you might have to consider solutions that will make it OKAY – with you – to not achieve the desire state as you have defined it. It forces you to consider solutions that would achieve an acceptable resolution to the conflict or problem. Create a Dunker Diagram to Identify as many solutions as possible to the dilemma described below. Tu rn In your assignment to the dropped on learn by the due date on the syllabus.Scenario: You are the HER manager for a company that has a very large IT department (IT = Information Technology). In the next six months or so, you need to hire about 200 skilled IT workers (computer programmers, network administrators, database designers, web site developers, and help desk managers). You are running ads on job-posting web sites and working with a recruiting firm but you arena getting enough applicants with the required IT skills. There just aren't enough people out there that have IT skills necessary to do many of these jobs.Let's express this dilemma as the current state/desired state: Your current state is you don't have enough employees with strong IT skills. Your desired state is that you do have enough employees with strong IT skills. You decide to use the Dunker Diagramming technique so you can discover as many potential solutions to the problem as possible. Using â€Å"Dunkerâ₠¬  thinking, you realize that there are two paths you could take: (1) Try harder to hire more people with strong IT skills or (2) Make it okay NOT to hire more people with strong IT skills. When thinking of ways to accomplish #2 – make it okay not to have to hire more experienced people – DO NOT suggest that you remain â€Å"under-staffed† because that goes not solve the problem) using the template, apply the Dunker diagram technique to this problem to come up with several possible alternative solutions. (See pages 470-473) for a quick reference on Dunker diagrams Circle # Fill in the blanks Find a way to hire more skilled IT people Instead of putting ads in the paper and waiting on IT workers to come to you, go out and recruit IT. Fedex FedEx Corporation Operating Segments and Companies Basically, FedEx is divided into four segments and 11 operating companies. The segments consist of FedEx Express Segment, FedEx Ground Segment, FedEx Freight Segment, and FedEx Freight Segment. The 4 segments and 11 operating companies are as shown chart below: FedEx Services Segment FedEx Freight Segment FedEx Ground Segment FedEx Express Segment FedEx Services FedEx Freight FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx Global Supply Chain ServicesFedEx Customer Information Services FedEx Office Caribbean Transportation Services FedEx Trade Network FedEx SmartPost FedEx Custom Critical SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.The major SWOT considerations in FedEx's attempt to continue its growth and dominance are the following: Strengths * Strong brand name * Superior service performance * Advanced technology innovations * Impressive infrastructure of equipments * Focus on customers satisfaction * Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Unmatched reputation or on-time delivery * Lots of planes, well-located hubs, great routes/landing rights * Ranked as one of the best companies to work for many years in a row * Great R;amp;D, quite innovative * Extensive capital expenditures * FedEx SWOT Clear leader in domestic express delivery market * Large scale operations| Weaknesses * High prices relative to competitors * Not as strong internationally * Costly innovation technology * Less capable in ground service * Weak and slow returns * Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize * Lag UPS in the ground delivery market * Very exposed to economic conditions and fuel prices| Opportu nities * Untapped market * Economy is beginning to recover, especially in Asia (China specifically) * Increase in demand of logistics * Alliance with USPS * The cost of infrastructure of express delivery companies are a barrier of entry to new comers * FedEx leadership in global express delivery – As long as the nature of our socioeconomic environment exists, there will always be a need for express delivery * E-commerce is creating an increased need for express delivery * Globalization offers opportunities for expansion * Currently offer services to 220+ countries and barring government intervention, can expand in them as it sees fit * Continued globalization of the world marketplace means more contract are available and at higher volumes as well * Expansion of online retailing creates an increased need for on-time, hassle-free shipping * Focus on taking away international market share from DHL and domestic ground delivery from UPS| Threats * Increasing in transportation cost s (fuel charge) * Economic down in US * Substitution (UPS,PosLaju,GDex,DHL) * Online competitive advantage of rivals * Maintaining the infrastructure of an express delivery company is an exit barrier because of high fixed costs * Capitol is acquired through the volume of sales, so the high fixed costs can hurt when times are slow * Due to the nature of the industry, it is nearly impossible to become the clear industry leader * The nature of the industry shows very low returns on invested capitol * The E-tailing industry demands lower shipping rates and charges to pull customers from the retailing industries * Economic downturn has cut down on volume overall * Many consumers and businesses are switching to slower delivery options to save money * UPS is attempting to take away market share in the express delivery arena * E-mail may take away from overnight document delivery market| We have found 20 lists of SWOT under each component; however, there are only important issues that influ enced FedEx growth are picked after analysis the case. 1. Strengths FedEx has a strong brand image which gives it significant strengths among the competitors and the company was named the Fortune's sixth best admired company all over the world.They offer superior overnight delivery performances which are divided into four segments and 11 operating companies, and the segments that offers are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Service. From performance view, FedEx confirms that roughly 99 percent of its deliveries are delivered to doorstep on time. This gives a significant competitive advantage with differentiating their services with other competitors who do not offer their customers of these services. FedEx has a strong and impressive infrastructure of equipment and processes. Through the first and second agreement with U. S. Postal Service, FedEx able delivery services through air transportation and have option to drop box in every U. S. post office.These agreemen ts have created the Postal Service’s Global Express Guaranteed service which offers date certain international delivery to over 190 countries. Besides that, FedEx also well knows with its great R&D and innovative of delivery service. For instance, FedEx provides the innovation of new residential delivery service which is FedEx ® Home Delivery in key U. S. cities and a pioneer in applying advanced information technology to meet customer needs. In additional, advanced technology has hit their aims to focus on customer satisfactions. FedEx has a huge advantage with regards to reaching untapped places and the acquisitions of major companies have created a more organized and a more able delivery system. 2. WeaknessesThere are few weaknesses in FedEx that hindering it from growing stronger in domestically and internationally. FedEx services are priced using a zone system which means that the distance of package must travel to reach its final destination determines the price i s higher relative to competitors. This significant weakness exists as FedEx is still recovering from the debt of purchasing Flying Tiger Line airfreight service. Besides that, they are less capable in ground service compared to UPS. Other than that, FedEx has involved costly technology innovations. For instance, in order to determine the status of their packages at all possible locations along the delivery route in real time.Customers can track packages in three ways by accessing the FedEx Web site on the Internet and click on the features of FedEx Ship Manager at fedex. com, or FedEx WorldTM Shipping Software. Other than that, Drivers and other workers are trying to unionize under a four year agreement ratified in 2007. This caused FedEx to deal with the bill which they opposed fiercely and bring the bill into law. Indirectly, this incident leads to increase service costs by 30 percent that need to bear by the customers and inconsistency of operating throughout the organization. 3. Opportunities FedEx have a lot of potential in expansion due to the company's fame around the world. The untapped market has given FedEx a great opportunity to penetrate into large global market.Untapped market happened when political changes in foreign market. Next, the cost of infrastructure of express delivery of FedEx is a barrier of entry to new comers. New comers need to bear with a large amount of cost to build their infrastructure such as airfreight for delivery service. Nowadays, E-commerce and online shopping expansion is creating an increased need for express delivery. The expansion leads to the demand of hassle-free and on time delivery to volume up. Economic is recovering especially in Asia is also one of the opportunity for FedEx. Despite the problems in Europe, the Asian economy was growing rapidly and manufactured product exports were accelerating at the same time.This has increased the demand on express delivery and FedEx introduced AsiaOne network which gave effec tiveness and efficiency in delivery. 4. Threats One of the threats that faced by FedEx was increasing transportation cost which involves high fuel charge. The increasing fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the company's profit margins by causing a raise in the operating expenses of FedEx. This is an unavoidable threat as FedEx has a high reliance on fuel compared to UPS in express deliveries. There are few competitors in express delivery services domestically and internationally such as UPS, DHL, PosLaju and GDex. This has given customers a substitution choice to substitute FedEx express delivery services. Hence,FedEx has to make a differentiation between the competitors in order to win the market to avoid customers from switching to other delivery option. In year 1992, economic turnover in United State gave affect in the amount of package delivers per day. By end of 1992, FedEx experienced total loss of $133 billion and negative earnings per share of $2. 11. Many cust omers were switching to slow delivery options to save money. Advanced technology of email may take away from overnight document delivery market which also a threat that is beyond FedEx control. The ways that FedEx uses their SWOT analysis in helping them to create a competitive advantage will be explained in the part of Strategies to Put FedEx Ahead of The Game.

Ban of DDT in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ban of DDT in the US - Essay Example The book listed the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, particularly wildlife and birds. It also argued that DDT was hazardous to the human health, causing cancer. The book was widely read causing an uproar in the general public, apart from already frowning scientists fraternity. The result was that in 1962, President Kennedy ordered the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) to probe into Carson’s claims and establish their validity. SAC in turn agreed with Carson’s claim and recommended phasing out the DDT from usage. DDT has the property of getting accumulated in the animal tissues, particularly in animals that are higher in food chain. Thus apex predators (such as bald eagle) and marine animals( such as crayfish, sea shrimp) were majorly poisoned due to DDT. It was also found out that DDT causes long term reproductive problems in birds (such as birds of prey, waterfowl) as the shell thins down. As per Environmental Defence Fund studies, even low doses of DDT on a continuous bases might result in pre mature birth and low birth babies( for the babies who were exposed to DDT before birth) and decreased duration of milk supply in nursing mothers (Environmental Defense Fund). Studies also show that prevalence of diabities increases with serum DDT level (Jones, Maguire and Griffin 287-8). Food webs represent the predator-prey relationship between the species in earth’s ecosystem. Scientists claimed that DDT and its residuals were carried from the warmer regions of the earth to the Arctic, through global distillation, causing accumulation of the toxic elements in the Arctic food web. When DDT is used in much larger quantities, than required for controlling Malaria carrying mosquitoes, the mosquitoes become resistant to the pesticide , thus greatly reducing its effect. In agriculture , usage of large quantities of DDT led to the problem of mosquito resistance. DDT ban is seen as a major

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Conflict in Film - Essay Example tales being linked together, surprisingly, the director somehow manages to make the whole plot gel together to form an outstanding collage of significant chronicles and to convey a positive message for its audience. Crash is basically an analogy of the inter-racial conflict that exists in the American society. A crash or a collision by definition happens when there is a conflict in people’s individual beliefs and ideas. What makes Crash exceptional is that it is far from predictable – â€Å"we understand quickly enough who the characters are and what their lives are like, but we have no idea how they will behave, because so much depends on accident† (Ebert, 2005). What is worth noting, however, is that there are actually several portions of the film where interpersonal conflict was not handled effectively. This paper will focus on only one of the more intense interpersonal conflicts depicted in this film. The character this essay will be focused on is Cameron Thayer, a role portrayed by Terrence Howard. Cameron is a director for a television program, and he and his wife, become the subject of a policeman’s acts of prejudice against blacks. While driving home one night from work, Cameron’s Navigator is pulled over by two police officers, and due to his wife’s misconduct – being drunk, behaving argumentatively and not following orders – Christine (Cameron’s wife), is molested in front of him by LAPD officer John Ryan. Cameron does not do anything while she is being violated, and this act of not doing anything becomes the subject of the interpersonal conflict between Cameron and Christine. The conflict between the couple was unavoidable because at the time of the occurrence, Christine was drunk and acting impulsively. Before the molesting incident, Cameron tried to practice placating (Sole, 2011, p. 200) to avoid the situation from getting worse. She was uncontrollable, however, thus causing the way that the police officer treated her. This is not

Compare the book and the movie of all the kings men Essay

Compare the book and the movie of all the kings men - Essay Example Movie had in it not only a strong and finest cast but a bit of philosophy, narration, great American prose and most excellent dialogues. Whenever a popular novel is converted into a movie, that too with a huge star cast the expectations of people with the movie rise and with that it is a popular phenomena that people compare novel and the movie. Where words and the feel of the novel attract readers, huge star cast with great dialogues attracts audience in the cinema. Where the novel â€Å"All the King’s men† is not a linear novel, reader can easily get confused at various points as the nature of the novel is anti-chronological. Time Travelling is an important factor in the novel and it often confuses the reader regarding realizing which time period they are in (New York Times,2006). The novel start with the setup in year 1936 where protagonist, Jack Burden remembering a road trip in the year 1933 to Mason city with Willie Stark, Tom Stark who is Willie’s son and Willie’s wife Lucy Stark. They talk about political pressure which Jack’s mentor Judge Irwin was facing. In the novel the conflict between Jack, Willie holds importance as it is the initial stage of the novel and the readers are in good grip of the characters. The readers can now well judge the shady elements in the characters. Judge Irwin is old so the readers can symthatise with him as well. The question which comes in the minds is why all this is happening because they are good friends and they share such a close relationship, what went wrong. The novel is very impactful at this stage and leaves the reader with a question of why this is happening. Movie captures the scene well too but the words expressed in the novel and the feelings which are expressed are more effective in the novel compared to the book. Jack goes in the year 1922, there is a lot of time travelling in the novel which sometimes confuses the reader as well. The Film however is set during early 1950s in Louisiana except for the flashbacks, where the well dressed and popular amongst all and also witty Willie Start is made the governor through the support given to him by the lower social classess.( Movie: All the King’s men) His supporters are his bodyguard friend Sugar boy, the journalist Jack Burden, Tiny Duffy and Stark’s mistress Sadie Burke who will help him against the upper class. Apart from the time setup in the novel and the movie there are some other prominent differences in both as well, from the character development of the Sugar boy who in the book is totally following Willie’s every move however in the movie he plays a silent bodyguard. (Empire Magazine,2006). Another important factor or the dissimilarity is the character development of Jack. Jack’s character in the book is a very complex. He is cynic and indifferent towards life. Jack’s excessive love towards character of Anna Stanton is clearly seen in the book, also Jack’ s anger in the book is far more impactful when he figured out that Willie has taken Anne as a mistress. The movie however was just partially successful in capturing the emotional side of Jack’s character. Particularly, his philosophical discussion in the novel about what he calls "The Great Twitch" is missing in the film. In keeping with the era of the 1930s, Jack is also fairly racist by standards of a later era, an aspect that is not portrayed in the film.   One major setback of the movie was removing Tom Stark’

International Business & Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business & Strategy - Essay Example This has been made possible through employing an effective international business strategy, which helps the company to direct their business in the global market effectively with an aim of maximising profits. Carrefour is one of the businesses that employ international business strategy to enable them to achieve a competitive advantage and increase profits in the global market. The company was established in 1958 and it grew into a vast chain after the first sales. Carrefour operates currently over 9,994 stores in thirty-three countries; therefore, expanding the business into the new markets in Botswana will enable the company to increase their profits because the political stability of this country has catapulted the economy into emerging and one of the fastest growing economies. The Potential Target Market for Carrefour’s Future International Expansion Strategy Botswana will be one of the prospective target markets for expanding the business in the future using international growth strategy. Many companies have made significant attempts to expand their business across the globe. This is through employing internalisation or global strategies that will enable them to expand their business and also reach their targeted customers effectively. Mun (2010, p. 42) argues that employing an effective strategy in the global business environment is vital because it will enable an organisation to increase profits. The globalisation is set to continue and this will contribute to new opportunities and challenges for the future generations of entrepreneurs who are seeking to prosper in an increasingly interdependent world. Therefore, Carrefour can use this strategy to expand their business in the future to untapped developing countries such as Botswana. Global retailers have continued to expand their business into untapped markets due to increased technology advancement and increased consumption across the globe. Many international companies such as Carrefour have rea lised the significance of expanding their business into the new market, especially the emerging market; thus, there is a need to also target in the future many developing countries. This is because many global companies operating in developing countries have increased and tapped revenues 2.5 times faster than in their home markets (Doh, Lawton & Rajwani, 2012, p. 23). The research study reveals a wider range of possibilities for vendors seeking to capture an instant impact and a growth advantage in third world countries (Brown & Gutterman, 2003, p. 27). Possibilities do not only flourish in the largest markets in the industrialised nations but also in smaller markets in third world nations; however, third world developing nations have been ranked among the leading nations for retail investment; thus, Carrefour Group should expand their international strategy by expanding their markets to a potential target market in Botswana. Macro-Environmental Characteristics of the Market Organis ations are constantly scanning not only their internal environment but also the external environmental factors that may impact their business performance in the global market. Macro-environment characteristics take into consideration the external factors that may be favourable or unfavourable to business performance. The macro-environment is external forces that result from a

Video and visual media in classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video and visual media in classroom - Essay Example Because most visual media are temporal and active, rather than static, they can be used to show change and dynamic qualities. It is very much useful in teaching the sciences, technology and even performing arts. With the new technological advancements they are now more accessible, cheaper and flexible to use. Most important, the new generation students have grown up watching television and are highly oriented to visual learning. Slides, overhead transparencies, filmstrips, and movies are important aid to their learning. The Edgar Dale Cone of Experience summarizes how learners retain information. A person remembers 10% of what they read, 20% of what they heard, 30% of what they seen and 50% of what is seen and heard. Learning experiences at the bottom of the 'Dale's Cone of Experience' tend to hold student attention longer and involve active student participation. Media at the top of the cone are said to be more passive but are suitable for transmitting large amounts of information q uickly. The first visual media for learning was the blackboard itself and has become inseparable part of any classroom. Besides the overhead projector, VCR had the biggest impact on the pedagogical practices as the "introduction to film course" became common in most American universities (Lovell, 1987). Slightly newer technology was the interactive videodisc (IVD).

Economic and Social Inequality in the United States Essay - 1

Economic and Social Inequality in the United States - Essay Example America, while promoting liberty and freedom of speech, has been seen as a place where people are afraid of speaking their minds. This can be attributed to the cultural socio-economic history of the nations, with regard to trying to protecting the many ethnic groups which have lewd to a situation where people have to be careful what they say, rest they be in a situation where they are accused of hate speech. The most significant difference between American and European culture is the American consumerism. In the past five decades, American consumerism has been said to increase and it has also been attributed in part to the recent economic crisis. Europeans are seen as shyer with regard to spending and have been seen as more conservative. In line with this consumerism, American has also been seen as too concerned with money as opposed to trying to live more well-rounded lives. In this regard, quality if life matters less as long as one has a fat bank account in America. Americans are not all bad though. In fact, it is considered that Americans are some of the most inspiring people in the world, always seeing their problems as opportunities to do greater things (Katzenstein, 78). This is unlike people from most European countries such as Germany where people live more closeted lives and adventure is not considered as a good way to spend a life. These cultural differences have significant implications, both positive and negative, with regard to the economics of nations and are necessary to study and understand. In order to be able to successfully achieve these objectives, I will need to take Sociology 130AC: Social Inequalities: American Cultures- the course will help me gain a deeper perspective into the historical causes as well as consequences of inequality in the United States.  

Criminal Justice and Deviance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice and Deviance - Essay Example The premise of this is a statement given by Congressman Hutchinson, stating that â€Å"Having lost its social stigma, bankruptcy ‘convenience’ filings have become a tool to avoid financial obligations rather than a measure of last resort.† (quoted in Thorne and Anderson, 2006, 147). This was also supported by Efrat (2005: 481), who attributed the lessening of stigma to the fact that â€Å"American society may have developed a more positive attitude towards the individual that was manifested by less anger and more sympathy with the plight of the individual.† Thus, if the theory is to be followed, there was no more shame to be had because of the acceptance of those who defaulted from debts. The findings of Thorne and Anderson, however, appear to suggest otherwise. In fact, instead of viewing personal bankruptcy as merely a product of rational economic choice and a strategy to stop payment of mounting debt, those who file for bankruptcy find themselves confron ting stigmatization and discrimination. Proof of this is their desire to conceal their bankruptcy from family members and associates whom they feel would be critical of what they perceive to be their fiscal mismanagement. To quote: Virtually every debtor whose parents were still living tried to withhold knowledge of the bankruptcy from them. Older debtors whose parents had passed away commented that "if they knew, they'd spin in their graves." One woman, whose father was visiting when the researcher arrived for the interview, nearly pushed the interviewer off the front steps out of fear (as she explained later) that if her father saw the researcher, he would ask disconcerting questions and potentially learn of the bankruptcy. If one looks at stigma as the social devaluation or deliberate alienation of an individual who deviates from a behavioural norm, such behavioural norm being â€Å"a shared belief of a particular social unit that individuals should act in a certain way under ce rtain circumstances† (Stafford and Scott (1986: 81), then it is fairly obvious that when something becomes common, or when there are enough individuals who file for bankruptcy, it ceases to be a reason for stigma. An analogy could be premarital sex. In the past, there were not a lot of people who engaged in premarital sex and hence it was a stigma. But now, because it had become fairly common, there was no reason to feel stigmatised or ashamed. Fay, Hurst and White (2002: 708) also suggested that households file for bankruptcy when it becomes economically beneficial for them to do so. This paper argues however, that stigmatisation still affects those who file for bankruptcy. The empirical data accumulated by Thorne and Anderson prove this, so do Sutton and Callahan who said that even firms experience stigmatisation. â€Å"The bankrupt firms we studied were often shunned by members of their organizational audiences. The leaders we interviewed were hurt and embarrassed.(1987: 4 06)†. The reason is simple: no matter how common poverty is, it still causes stigmatisation. Bankruptcy is an indication of poverty. It is an indication of inability to pay off one’s debts. Even if there are a lot of people doing it, it is still is a cause for shame when one admits in official documents that he or she is asking to be legally discharged from debts contracted. Since childhood, people have been programmed to aspire towards prosperity and a certain way of life. Bankruptcy is a signal that that aspiration has not been met and that,

Throughout Ken Keseys tremendous novel Essay Example for Free

Throughout Ken Keseys tremendous novel Essay It is another meeting though with McMurphy which causes the most drastic and evident change to Chief Bromdens character. In the midst of a bed time conversation with the Chief, McMurphy gives him a packet of chewing gum, the Chief replies Thank you. The chief then goes on to state this again. This comment from the Chief can be taken in two separate ways; metaphorically the Chief has said thank you to McMurphy, but, on the other hand he has thanked McMurphy for the allowing him to open up and talk and realise that he is not, in fact, insane. As well as that, it also shows how all along McMurphys inclination about the Chief was right. During that night time conversation with McMurphy the Chief talks about how small he is, demonstrating how the combine has affected him. Youre lot bigger, toughern I am. McMurphy then replies, You stand a head tallern any man on the ward. There aint a man here you couldnt turn every way but loose, and thats a fact! The Chief then dismisses this comment No. Im way too little. I used to be big, but not no more. Youre twice the size of me. This repetitive negative, Not no more, illustrates how he feels negative towards himself too, and how broken a man he is due to his time spent in the combine. McMurphy realises that, with the size of the Chief, he could use him to lift the control panel which he hadnt been able to lift at the beginning of the novel. He begins to build up the chiefs morale by complementing him in a descriptive metaphor, giving an image of how life will change for the good, Oh man I tell you, youll have women trippin you and beatin you to the floor. He offers him a free place in his special body-buildin course, and as McMurphy walks down the hall to sign the Chief up for the fishing trip he pulls the covers off him and states Look there, Chief. Haw what did a tell ya? You growed a half foot already. This again is used by McMurphy to build Chief Bromdens self image. Due to the character building of McMurphy and the Chiefs ability to find the cause of his illness he grows into a new man, a man able to be rebellious and able to pull away from the tight grasp which the combine has upon him. This point of rebellion expresses the Chiefs refusal to mop the hall. They stuck a broom out for me to do their work up the hall, I turned around and walked back to the dorm, telling myself, the hell with that. This emphasises the change in Chief Bromdens character as he is now confident enough to refuse duties from the black boys. This alliteration in the description of the boys is used extensively throughout the novel, emphasisng there colour, in 1962 (when it was first published) there was a lot of racism, white people were far more superior, and also their age, showing how even boys are running the institute, telling the white men what to do. But the main change to the Chief is his ability to laugh. I could look down and see myself with the rest of the guys and watch them, us, swinging in laughter. This is an effective use of imagery, as this metaphor emphasises how the Chief has grown mentally stronger as a man, as earlier on in the novel he states, You cant really be strong until you can see the funny side to things. His mental strength is illustrated through his physical strength in the shower room. So I picked him off and threw him in the shower. He was full of tubes; he didnt weigh moren ten or fifteen pounds. Demonstrating how McMurphys plan of making the Chief grow back to his real size is working. The character of Chief Bromden develops even further as when he notices a fog being produced by the combine and refuses to, slip off and hide in it. No never again, as he knows, this time I had them beat, thus emphasising how he has nearly recovered from his sickness. Finally the Chiefs transformation is complete, when McMurphy comes back down to the ward after his lobotomy the chief kills him out of compassion and escapes by throwing the control panel at the screened window. After the lobotomy, McMurphy states that he cannot do things like he used to, hobbled like this, the metaphor highlights that the institute has now got total control over McMurphy, even though he is not literally hobbled, as in cannot walk properly, he cannot think for himself, is a vegetable, he is hobbled. However though, the path the Chief ventures out on after escaping from the hospital is the same as the ill fated dog took earlier on in the novel when chasing a goose as it met the oncoming headlights of a vehicle, thus emphasising the battle between animals and machinery and how machinery will always win. In conclusion Chief Bromdens character develops extensively through out the novel from being a fully fledged member of the chronics to conversing with McMurphy and even going on a fishing trip with the other patients. As the novel develops the Chief grows back to his original size, commits an empathy killing on McMurphy to save him from the life of a chronic and escapes from the grasp of the combine. However, the reader is left in a state of uncertainty at the end of the novel as they are unsure whether the story is being told by the Chief as a free man out with the hospital or if the combine have taken him back into their tight grasp and he is telling the story from recollection to another inmate. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Ken Kesey section.

The Navigation of young Adolescents from elementary school to Middle School Essay Example for Free

The Navigation of young Adolescents from elementary school to Middle School Essay The period of young adolescent is a very challenging and transformational period for the child. There are tremendous bodily and mental changes taking place which places significant amount of stress on the children, as well parents and the educators involved in dealing with this age group. This age group requires an unusual and sensitive team work to address t hisses which can address their changing expectations and help them cope with their emotional well being. The issues arise with time and situation and learning the skills to cope with them is important in terms of the peers, as well as family and school oriented affairs. It is also important to take into consideration the thoughts and the feelings as well their behavioral manifestations in theses tender years of change and adaptability. It is important to recognize the â€Å"disinterest, disorder and defiance† (Mcknight-Taylor, 1979) which is characteristic feature of middle school level of students. The educational enforcement should be aimed to engage and involve students and help them feel part of their special environment. Their individuality needs to be respected and their interests need to be taken into consideration. The educators should reach out to the students and aim to give them authentic informed facts which they can base their decision son. The teamwork of partnership between the young adolescent, parents and the educators will make significant difference in enhancing the navigational strategy to handle the transition with sensitivity and understanding, which will ensure greater degree of success. One needs to recognize that transition is a very difficult time for any age, but for young adolescent it is even more challenging taking into account the other transformational bodily, emotional and 0pphsyical changes which are taking place in their psychological setup. (Parker, 2009). The emotional , psychological and academic decline which has been witnessed in this phase can be addressed with strategic organizational and academic setup. It is important to investigate and advocate and advise based on authentic facts and figures which can provide a solid concept of the self image which is undergoing change in the life of the middle school students and thus address the issues related to young adolescent with sufficiently organized and departmentalized approach in which advisory and advocacy has a significant role to play. The issue related to advocacy has been an urgent issue which motivates educators to address the problematic issue to â€Å"navigate the transition from elementary to middle school, as their bodies grow and change, s they develop new interests and new peer groups, as they probe their boundaries and test their limits, as they explore a rapidly changing world via Internet, as they consume a daily bombardment of television, magazines, music and headlines† (Buckhardt, 1999). The challenge of educating young adolescents in this emerging world of changes and transition which is full of distractions and drama which has overwhelmed the lifestyle leads to unnecessary turbulence which impacts their self-centered lives with a roller coaster kind of speed and thrill, which is uncontrolled and untamed. The exposure to abusive material on uncontrolled technological devices makes the situation even more challenging for the parents as well as the educators. The exposure to pain and suffering is lot more which results from the unhealthy choices which are presented by settings which are of abusive nature. The role of advocacy and advisory in such situation which targets the program to engage and involve the student in the process would be a necessary tool to address this critical nature of issue which deals with navigating young adolescents in their middle school years. The rationale of the advisory program should be aimed at addressing the common attributes of the particular age group, along with the individual attention and conferences in which parents are part of the process. There should be regular and open conferences which builds the bridge between the advisor and advisees. The school should plan for sound administrative support which is backed by â€Å" an adult advocate for each young adolescent† (Buckhardt, 1999). â€Å"According to This We Believe, the obligation of a developmentally responsive middle level school is to provide ‘a continuity of caring that extends over the student’s entire middle level experience so that no student is neglected’ (National Middle School Association, 1995, p. 17). An advisory program enables that ‘continuity of caring’ to take root. † (Buckhardt, 1999). The success of the students in this transitional period and transformational phase has to taken with challenge and understanding which can ensure navigation of young adolescents in a sensitive and humane manner which provides supportive care and discipline to help them keep within the boundaries without suppression and repression. This will be reflected in their academic achievement, school attendance, lesser alienation, greater interests in school related learning and greater adaptability. These are the pillars which will help build a bridge which will help the young adolescent transitioning between elementary and middle school years a climate which helps them foster and grow to their peak. References Buckhardt, R. M. (1999). Advisory: Advocacy for Every Student. Middle School Journal, Vol. 30, Number 3. http://www. nmsa. org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/advisory/advisory_3. pdf Burkhardt, R. M. and Kane, J. T.. â€Å"An Adult Advocate for Every Student. Mcknight-Taylor , M. (1997) Making Education Special for All Young Adolescents. Jouranl Article. Childhood Education, Vo. 73. Beane, J. A. (1993). A middle school curriculum: From rhetoric to reality. (2nd ed). Columbus, OH:National Middle School Association. Burns, J. (1998). National middle school association 25th anniversary interview. Las Cruces, NM: Author. Lipsitz, J. (1984). Successful schools for young adolescents. East Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. (1994). Early adolescence/generalist standards for national board certification. Washington, DC: Author. Parker, A. K. Elementary Organizational Structures and Young Adolescents Self-Concept and Classroom Environment Perceptions Across the Transition to Middle School. University of Suth Florida, Journal of Research in Childhood Education, Vol. 23Issue 3, pg. 325-339. Rubinstein, R. E. (1994). Hints for teaching success in middle school. Englewood, CO: Teacher Ideas Press. Shoreham-Wading River Middle School. (1989). Advisory activities at Shoreham-Wading River middle school. Shoreham, NY: Author. Shoreham-Wading River Middle School. (1973). Advisory handbook. Shoreham, NY: Author.

What makes an effective teacher?

What makes an effective teacher? David Camerons Conservative Party recently stated that the Tories will be brazenly elitist about candidates entering the teaching profession as they believe that qualifications make a good teacher. [REF]. However, research shows that a teachers personal characteristics and teaching styles can also be attributed to effective teaching. In 1992, Professor Caroline Gipps, Vice-Chancellor at the University of Wolverhampton and leading expert in educational assessment and learning, published What We Know About effective Primary Teaching. The document suggests that a successful primary teacher: Focuses on the whole class rather than individuals Teaches the whole class while offering help to individuals, or co-operative work where children help each other Teach one subject at a time Praise children as much as possible Have high expectations Encourage challenging talk rather than quiet busy work Use a variety of teaching styles Allow children some independence and be democratic rather than autocratic about work and discipline Matches work to a childs ability Effective teaching is a subject that is repeatedly researched and studied. More recent research shows that good teachers demonstrate a number of characteristics, but there are certain characteristics that underlie the effectiveness of teachers such as empathy and a willingness to work hard. Some people are described as being born to teach, but the personal and moral characteristics needed to be an effective teacher can be developed through practice, watching other effective teachers and learning from their technique. A study carried out by Santrock [2001] identified the main characteristics of effective teachers: CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TEACHERS Characteristic Total % 1. Has a sense of humour 79 2. Makes the class interesting 73 3. Has knowledge of their subject 70 4. Explains things clearly 66 5. Spends time to help students 65 6. Are fair to their students 61 7. Treats students like adults 54 8. Relates well to students 54 9. Are considerate of students feelings 51 10. Dont show favouritism towards students 46 Santrock, J. (2001) An Introduction to Educational Psychology, London: McGraw Hill, (p.10) Although subject knowledge is ranked third, the study overall shows that personal characteristics are key to effective teaching rather than qualifications. Classroom management is also an important factor as an average school week only provides 25 hours of teaching time with students. An effective teacher organises their students, time, environment and resources in a way that maximises learning opportunities. Effective teachers also motivate and encourage their students to work hard. Through regular assessment and looking closely as what a student is learning and what has been learnt, lessons can be planned accordingly. Teachers need to cater for the skills, abilities and interests of each student by matching work to the needs of the individual. This avoids giving tasks that are impossible to complete and to avoid giving tasks so easy that students learn nothing. Pedagogy: shared working atmosphere; awareness of the needs of each pupil; purposeful well organised classroom; celebration of successes. Need to know the needs of individuals and groups as well as how children learn. Most teachers teach facts, good teachers teach ideas, great teachers teach how to think. (Jonathon Pool). Teachers have to be facilitators: they cannot do the learning for the student. (Carl Rogers). A teacher who likes to explore a subject by using lots of activities can achieve the same success as one who prefers one activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There is one aspect of personality that no teacher can do without: a willingness to learn and to reflect on teaching. (The Effective Teacher, p.10). Failing teachers often lack self awareness and do not quite know what they are doing or if what they are doing is right or wrong. They are defensive about their teaching methods and cannot take criticism, however constructive it is. [Ref] Define learning 250 Learning can be defined as The process of accumulation and change that marks our growing sense of knowledge. (p.14 The Effective Teacher). Different factors can affect learning and these include the child, the family, society, economy and social structure. Brofenbrenner looked at how children grow up and how that affects the learning process, then linked all of these factors together into his Ecological Systems Theory [1979]. His theory suggests that a childs development is influenced by the social contexts in which they live, with the three main contexts being a childs family, peers and school. The parent and child are placed at the centre of learning. 2. 1.Who the child spends most of their time with is identified and what positive and negative factors that has. 3. The general external factors that influence the learning environment are looked at. Constructivist approach to learning Recall; ability to remember information Understand the information Use or apply knowledge in new situations Break down and interpret information Putting things together; developing new ideas Assess effectiveness of whole concepts; critical thinkingBlooms Taxonomy is a classification of the levels of learning. The cognitive process identifies 6 levels of thought. Based on this theory, the learner has to reach one level before moving on to the next. When used correctly, Blooms Taxonomy can accelerate learning and elevate student interest and achievement, especially for slower learners. [Sousa, D. 2001] How the brain learns What makes an effective learner? 500 Understanding and thinking about how a person learns can enhance motivation and increase achievement. [REF ] A persons learning style is the way he or she concentrates on, processes, internalises and remembers new and difficult academic information or skills. Styles often vary with age, achievement level, culture, global versus analytic processing preference, and gender. [Shaughnessy, 1998]. It is often looked at in terms of a learners preference for visual, auditory and kinaesthetic ways of working. [Burton, 2007]. Encourages a learner to think about how he or she learns. Novice learner: Do not evaluate their comprehension Do not examine their comprehension Do not examine the quality of their work Do not make connections Expert learner: What is the relationship between teaching and learning? 500 Consider which is more important. Actual learning or actual teaching? Support argument with literature and wider reading. 500 There have been many arguments as to which side of the teaching and learning processes are more important. Child centred education the teacher gives the child opportunities to learn. Teacher centred stand and present what they know. Teacher centred education is a traditional approach to teaching where the teacher presents facts to the student by direct instruction. The teacher is at the centre and in charge. Student centred education is a more modern approach where the learner is at the centre of learning and the teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding the student and giving opportunities to learn. Bennett, 1976 Clinical Reasoning Case Study: Knee Osteoarthritis Clinical Reasoning Case Study: Knee Osteoarthritis Abstract Clinical reasoning is the thinking process that escorts clinical practice, it is a multifaceted skill. The aim of this report is to use clinical reasoning to comment on a case of medial compartment one-sided knee osteoarthritis. Using clinical reasoning, an outline of management and manual therapy are designed. Introduction Mendez and Neufeld (2003) defined clinical reasoning as a cognitive process aiming to understand the implications of patient data. It also aims to recognize and diagnose present concrete or latent patient problems, to make clinical well-judged choices to help in problem solving, and to result in encouraging patient outcomes. Factors affecting the outcomes of clinical reasoning can be internal factors linked to health professionals (knowledge, acquaintance with a particular case and their reasoning skills). Patient factors need skills to transfer facts, and explanation of disease condition and treatment alternatives. External factors include health institution potentials, profession-specific structure of treatment, and intricacy of the case (Mendez and Neufeld, 2003). Edwards and others (2004) suggested the following practices of clinical reasoning for a physiotherapist. Diagnostic reasoning, developing a diagnosis based on disability and its impact considering accompanying pain, pathological changes, and contributing factors to the disease. Descriptive reasoning is to understand the patients description and experiences about the disease. Procedural reasoning involves treatment decision making, while communication collaborative reasoning involves setting up a patient-therapist relationship and setting goals for treatment based on interpretation of investigations results. Predictive reasoning is foreseeing the treatment results, and ethical reasoning which needs understanding of the ethical questions about the conduct and goals of treatment. Possible causes and processes of the patients recent complaint: Based on the patients occupation, and history, knee Joint injury herald osteoarthritis in individuals who are in their 30s or 40s, osteoarthritis becomes obvious nearly in every other subject with a previous history of knee injury. A proper interpretation of the existing data infers that at 10 years after suffering an injury to the knee, an average of one third of patients display joint space narrowing on x-ray examination. Twenty years post injury, about half the individuals with history of injury shows similar changes (Roos, 2005). Arthroscopic procedures may cause postoperative knee pain and swelling enough to delay rehabilitative physiotherapy. This should not persist more than two weeks otherwise the patient will be at risk of complications mainly prolonged knee stiffness. (Reuben and Sklar, 2000). Many believe that changes in the knee joint in osteoarthritis reproduce the collective effects of mechanical stress rather than senile degeneration alone. Therefore, it is an occupational disease (Radin, 2004). Patients occupation activities are aggravating factors to develop knee osteoarthritis (Loomis, 2008). Based on the patients symptoms and physical examination findings, the patient may have had a cruciate ligament rupture or added meniscal injury. Because of negative ligament tests, tenderness over medial TFJ joint line, no tenderness of patella tendon, quads tendon, hams tendons insertions, MCL attachments or LCL attachments, and data suggesting positive McMurray manoeuvre. Besides the presence of mild effusion, it is most likely the patient suffers a meniscal injury (Dascola, 2005). Roos (2005) provided a model for the processes responsible for pain and development of osteoarthritis. He assumed the disease needs, being mechanically determined, increased or altered joint load as a precondition to its development. Therefore, joint injury, occupation and aging lead to development and progression of osteoarthritis in one of two possible pathways. First, deconditioning of the musculoskeletal, increased joint loads occur with pain and progression of osteoarthritis. Alternatively, joint instability, misalignment and defective proprioception result joint related changes leading to increased joint loads with pain and disease progression. The patients irritability: At this point, the patient anxiety is because of worsening of pain and movement limitation and worry that he will not be able to continue working or doing everyday activities without significant discomfort. Jinks and others (2007) suggested that a therapist should look at the first onset of joint pain as sign to try preventing future disability. Reasoned identification of need for caution and need for adjustments: Three cardinal patients findings call for caution and adjustment of assessment as they may need change in the plan of manual therapy. These are persistent pain for four months, reduced right knee extension in standing with slight varus deformity. Besides pain limiting knee movement in active and passive flexion and extension with pain and stiffness limiting lateral rotation and stiffness without pain limiting medial rotation. Plain radiography was done following Ottawa knee rules (Jackson and others, 2003) and showed the same findings as the one done two years earlier. The use of MRI in addition provides better prediction of the need for added treatment. Indication of MRI, in this case, is to evaluate pain as it persisted for more than 3-6 weeks (Oel and others 2005). In case MRI is not available, or not covered by insurance, knee ultrasonography can be helpful to assess knee effusion, integrity of tendon and MCL injuries and to rule out minimally displaced patellar cracks (Lin and o thers, 2000). Arthroscopy can be diagnostic and therapeutic for meniscal or ligaments injuries, removal of loose pieces of cartilage or bone. Besides intra-articular steroid injection can be given to manage pain, viscous supplementation, and arthroscopic debridement and washout can ease the mechanical symptoms (Gidwani and Fairbank, 2004). Factors that may be contributing to the patients presenting problems: The slowly developing knee swelling is matching with meniscal injury however, the therapist must consider associated mild ligament sprain. The absence of locking is against meniscal injury, but the giving way points to possible ligament injury or patellar sublaxation. The presence of anterior crepitus may point to ligament injury or patellar problems, however, the active and passive limited range of movement suggest an intra-articular problem (Smith, 2004). This calls to consider the possibility of having combined lesions on top of osteoarthritis. Three more points need communication with the patient, adjusting occupational activities (Loomis, 2008), return to swimming sport practice or perform water exercise being a low knee load exercise (Grainger and Cicuttini, 2004). Also, tell the patient with the potential side effects of NSAID and advice to use topical preparations with safer analgesics as paracetamol (Derbyshire County NHS, 2008). Developing a working hypothesis: According to the patients current situation, expectations, worries and good general health, and knowing the case is most likely to be knee medial compartment osteoarthritis the objectives of manual therapy should be (Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003): Minimize pain Decrease disability and enhance functional ability, muscle strength, joint flexibility. Patient education to encourage better work activities, and regain interest in swimming sport. When to start manual treatment and what is the plane: Manual therapy portrays the physical therapist applying passive movements aiming to enhance joint motion and minimize stiffness. It includes passive range of movements, and muscle stretching techniques (Fitzgerald and Oatis, 2004).As this particular case needs a multidisciplinary approach that may involve surgery, manual therapy should start once the process of diagnosis and possible surgical interference finish. It may start in conjunction with pain relief physical therapies as thermotherapy, cryotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The general rules of static stretching range of motion manual therapy are (Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003): Twice weekly when pain and stiffness are least in 20-30 minutes sessions (Hoeksma and others, 2005). Better to be preceded by warm compresses. To be performed slowly and the range of motion extended to the limit of least subjective pain and resistance. Advice the patient to breath slowly during passive exercise. Hold the terminal stretch for 10-30 seconds. Passive exercises are continuously adjusted according to pain and the duration of holding the static position. Measuring the outcome: The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) test is a self-report specific measure to assess pain and physical function. Validity of the test was investigated in many studies and showed high levels of consistency and test-retest reliability consistent with clinical practice (Stratford and Kennedy, 2004). The 6-minutes walk test is primarily endurance test originally developed to measure exercise capacity in cardiac and pulmonary patients. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness index (measures improvement after therapy) have been examined and found highly reliable (King and others, 2000). Patients perform these tests at baseline, on the 5th week, and later every 12 weeks of therapy (Hoeksma and others, 2005). Prognosis and expected improvement rate: Jinks and others (2007) stated the outcomes of osteoarthritis are poor quality of life, limited daily activities and disability. However, we know little about the primary influence of joint pain on disability in the older population; also we know little about if such influence is reversible if the pain improves. According to their results, Jinks and others (2007) inferred that decreased physical functions among knee osteoarthritis patients with pain shows how important this symptom is as a possible launching cause to decline of physical activities. Even those whose pain improves are occasionally able to regain their experienced levels of physical activities. The Ottawa Panel (2005) advised the combination of manual therapy and therapeutic exercises especially muscle strengthening exercises to achieve better improvement of pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis knee. Conclusion Clinical reasoning is on of the methods of applying evidence based practice in physiotherapy. A case of medial compartment right knee osteoarthritis presented with pain after minor exercise is subjected to clinical reasoning critical thinking. The case turned to be a multidisciplinary case that needs further investigation and possibly orthopaedic surgeon interference before manual physiotherapy begins. Using clinical reasoning skills and principles, the patients history and clinical findings were analysed, designing principles of a plane of manual therapy, measuring the outcome, and foreseeing prognosis and improvement rate were explained. References Dascola J S, 2005. Injury-related causes of acute knee pain. JAAPA, 18(7), 34-40. Derbyshire County NHS Primary Care Trust, Medicine Management Update, February 2008. Reviewing Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Prescribing-an update on current issues [Online]. No 3. Available from: http://www.derbyshirecountypct.nhs.uk/content/files/key%20messages/NSAID%20UPDATE%20Feb%2008.pdf, [cited 11/07/2008] Edwards I, Jones MA, Carr J, et al, 2004. Clinical reasoning strategies in physical therapy. Physical Therapy, (84), 312-335. Fitzgerald G K and Oatis C, 2004. Role of physical therapy in management of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol, (16), 143-147. Gidwani, S and Fairbank, A. 2004. Clinical review: The orthopaedic approach to managing osteoarthritis of the knee. BMJ 329: 1220-1224. Grainger R and Cicuttini F, 2004. Medical management of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip joints. MJA, (180), 232-236. Hoeksma H, Dekker J, Ronday H at al, 2005. Manual therapy is more efficient than exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Care and Research, (51), 722-729. Jackson J L, OMalley, P G and Kroenke, K, 2003. Evaluation of Acute Knee Pain in Primary Care. Ann Intern Med, (139), 575-588. Jinks C, Jordan K and Croft, P, 2007. Osteoarthritis as a public health problem: the impact of developing knee pain on physical function in adults living in the community: (KNEST 3). Rheumatology, (46), 877-881. King M B, Judge J O, Whipple R and Wolfson L, 2000. Reliability and Responsiveness of Two Physical Performance Measure Examined in the Context of a Functional Training Intervention. Phys Ther, (80), 8-16. Lin, J, Fessell, D P, Jacobson, J A et al, 2000. An Illustrated Tutorial of Musculoskeletal Sonography: Part 3, Lower Extremity. AJR, (175), 1313-1321. Loomis D, 2008. Work in brief: Combining new tools with training may enhance ergonomic interventions. Occup. Environ Med., (65), 1. Mendez L and Neufeld J, 2003. Clinical Reasoning: What is it and why should I care? Ottawa, ON, Canada: CAOT Publications ACE. Oel, E H G, Nikken, J J, Ginal A Z, et al, 2005. Acute Knee Trauma: Value of a Short Dedicated Extremity MR Imaging Examination for prediction of Subsequent Treatment. Radiology, (234), 125-133. Ottawa Panel, 2005. Ottawa Panel Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Therapeutic Exercises and Manual Therapy in the Management of Osteoarthritis. Phys Ther, (85), 907-971. Radin E L., 2004. Who Gets Osteoarthritis and Why? The Journal of Rheumatology, (31)), (Supplement 70), 10-15. Reuben S S and Sklar J, 2000. Pain Management in Patients Who Undergo Outpatient Arthroscopic Surgery of the Knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am, (82), 1754-1765. Roos E M, 2005. Joint Injury Causes Knee Osteoarthritis in Young Adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 17(2), 195-200. Smith, C.C, 2004. Evaluating the Painful Knee: A Hands-on Approach to Acute Ligamentous and Mechanical Injuries. Adv Stud Med, (4(7)), 362-370. Stratford P W and Kennedy D M, 2004. Does parallel item content on WOMACs Pain and Function Subscales limit its ability to detect change in functional status. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, (5), 17-25. Technical Committee Physiotherapy Profession, 2003. Physiotherapy Care Protocol-OA Knee [Online]. Available from: http://www.mpa.net.my, Malaysian Physiotherapy Association.

Red Rock West :: essays research papers

Red Rock West is a hood example of a new-age film noir. It has all the elements that are needed to make a film noir such as light and dark contrast, symbolic environment, the femme fatal, corruption, treachery, and deception. The film is unlike classic noir because of its use of color, irony, and humor in the movie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the opening scene we get a sense of what Michael is like. He is driving a boat of a car across the barren desert, like he is scavenging for something. Strapped for money he stops at a somewhat abandoned gas station where he finds a bundle of twenty dollar bills out in plain view. We get the sense that he tries to be honest because he doesn’t take the money and he buys gas with the last five dollars that were in his wallet, just enough to get him to Red Rock and not any further. He then gets turned down from his job because he told the truth about his leg being injured. When he goes into the Red Rock Bar we can see the change in his life coming. He walks in from the bright daylight into the darkness of the dimly lit bar. This lighting hints to the audience that from that point on Michael is fated for disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From there on the story’s most important scenes take place at night. For example when Michael hits the person in the middle of the road at night when it is pouring rain. He still shows some what of a conscience to bring him back to the hospital. There is some comic relief because every time he leaves and enters the town they show a sign of either entering or leaving Red Rock. No matter how hard that he tries to leave the town he just can’t do it, something always comes up. The most symbolic settings would have to be at the end when they are in the graveyard digging up the money that Wayne had buried. It was dark with fog coating the ground and they are driving up in a completely black car. The audience can see that this will be the climax of the movie because all of these elements are coming together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suzanne’s character is the one with the most twists and turns in her personality. We learn that she is very flawed from the begging when she is seen committing adultery with another man.

Alan Cromer’s Connected Knowledge Essay -- Literature Science Debate E

Alan Cromer’s Connected Knowledge A prospective reader casually thumbing through the pages of Alan Cromer’s Connected Knowledge: Science, Philosophy, and Education, would probably expect the book to explore how science and the philosophy of science should inform educational practices and pedagogy. Indeed such an exploration takes place, but the reader might be surprised to find that it is in the form of a vehement crusade Cromer wages against constructivism with science and a scientific habit of mind as his sword and shield. In battle like style, Cromer starts on the defensive, trying to debunk the postmodernist interpretations of modern physics often used to declare science and thus all other academic pursuits â€Å"subjective.† After defending his own territory (Cromer is a physics professor at Northeastern University), Cromer goes on the offensive against those he deems largely responsible for constructivist thought--the â€Å"highly fragmented† sociological disciplines. First he sets ou t to demonstrate that by using a scientific habit of mind he can create a social theory of human behavior valid across a wide range of cultures and social contexts. In other words, even in the social sciences, everything is not relative. Then he aims to use the tools of psychologists, maze rats and intelligence testing, to discredit constructivism in favor of standardized education. The Defense The amazing transformation the study of physics underwent in the two decades following the turn of the 20th century is a well-known story. Physicists, on the verge of declaring the physical world â€Å"understood†, discovered that existing theories failed to describe the behavior of the atom. In a very short time, a more fundamental theory of the ... ... and in-class performance mediates movement between the groups. Response As the tone of the above discussion probably made clear, I rather enjoyed the first part of Connected Knowledge, which challenges many of the popular misinterpretations of modern physics. Cromer’s arguments are cogent even for the non-scientist, and it is clear that this is his field of expertise. But when Connected Knowledge ventured out of the realm of physics into that of social science, I found the discussion somewhat arrogant. In his attempt to discredit constructivist thought, Cromer offers only one way of understanding the world. I find such a view too narrow and too restrictive. I am not a relativist in that I think all approaches are equally valid, but I don’t believe that science provides the only route to understanding and should be the basis of every decision we make.

The Extensive Use of Symbolism in Emily Dickinsons Poem #315 :: Emily Dickinson Poem 315 Essays

The Extensive Use of Symbolism in Emily Dickinson's Poem #315 As I had no prior experience with Emily Dickinson's work, I was unsure of what to expect from this assignment. I read the poem about fifteen or twenty times before I was even able to ask myself legitimate questions about Dickinson's thoughts as she composed this work over two hundred years ago. I couldn't even look to the title for guidance..."ugh, this is going to be tough" ran through my head over and over. I began by researching #315 on the Internet and in our library. I found more opinions than I could possibly wade through in one summer semester and resigned myself to limiting my research to the basics and forming my own opinions. I have learned in literature classes since past-many, many years ago I might add-that understanding symbolisms that exist in poetry is the key to understanding the poem itself. Emily Dickinson's #315 is absolutely FULL of symbolism, so much so that I had to break it down--almost word-by-word-- to begin to understand what Dickinson is trying to tell her readers. The first question that I had-and probably the one of most significance-- was "who is "HE"???" Dickinson begins with "He fumbles at your soul..."-- I couldn't even understand who "HE" was. After researching this, I realized that I was not alone and that various readers of #315 have debated my question over decades. Robert Weisbuch in Emily Dickinson's Poetry (1972) explained that he felt that the primary figure (He) is intentionally ambiguous because "his" identity doesn't really matter. Weisbuch further postulated that Dickinson wants the reader "not to understand the cause, but to focus on experiencing the terrible moment" (pp. 98). Mr. Weisbuch seems to feel that "He" is many things (e.g. pianist, smithy, Thor and wind) and yet "his" definition is of little importance. I was somewhat relieved when I read Weisbuch's theory on "He" because each time I read "He fumbles..." I come to believe that "He" is a different entity. I first felt that Dickinson was referring to a prominent male figure in her life-maybe her father or her lover-but during subsequent readings my thoughts turned to less obvious possibilities such as God or non-human objects such as a storm. Even after a week's worth of research, I still am not certain that I fully understand which direction she is hoping to lead her reader.

Do You Speak American? Essay

Absolutely, the answer was no. In the past, I thought American English was only a language which pronounced â€Å"r† heavily. Surprisingly, according to the map of dialect, America can be divided by seven parts. They are Eastern New English, NYC,Philadelphia, The North, The Midland, The South and The West. And different regions of America have different dialects. In terms of the dialect of American English, I have a re-understanding of this language. I find it is interesting, even surprising, and I am more curious about that. The dialects of American English is really interesting. Honestly, when I hear a conversation or a speech, I can hardly recognize the accents without special note, although sometimes I can recognize the obvious accents according to the meaning of the sentence. For example, most young California say [? ] to replace [? ], say â€Å"like† as â€Å"lake†. According to my personal experience, when I traveled to Miami, Florida, I heard that most people in there said â€Å"lift† as â€Å"left†. Moreover, Net English used among young people is another part of interest. For example, â€Å"das kool† equals â€Å"that is cool†, â€Å"lol† means â€Å"laugh out loud†, â€Å"How ya doin hun† is â€Å"how are you doing honey? †, â€Å"g2g† means â€Å"got to go†, etc. Maybe they think typing English in this way is more convenient and fashionable, however, I do not think so. Furthermore, experts recommend that TV series is a good way to recognize and learn dialects since the actors of a program are come from different regions. At last, teenagers prefer to use some new words of phrases to express an common meaning, such as â€Å"bling bling† refers to expensive jewelry. This is popular and sometimes I also use that to express myself. Actually, I am surprised about the dialects of American English in the following aspects. Firstly, in North America, people will laugh at lobsterman’s dialect and make fun with the way they speak. As far as I am concerned, we should respect different languages and cultures. Even though we cannot understand the way of communication, every dialect must has its own value to exist. Moreover, although people dislike some dialects, they can always imitate those dialects they hate. It is unbelievable. In addition, I watched these three DVDs without subtitle. So when I watched the CD2 which introduced the dialects in the mid-land, I found it was difficult for me to understand what people said. However, it is easier to understand what the north and west people said. I think it means that the people of mid-land and south have strong accents. Frankly, there are some points that I do not know before I watching this video. First of all, Philadelphia shakes the American speech more than any other city. Secondly, the Black and the White cannot communicate with each other by using English at the beginning. Thirdly, some people who come from the mid-land consider New Yorker speak bad English, since New Yorker say â€Å"water† as â€Å"[w? :d? ]†. To be honest, as for me, I like the dialect of New York. Fourthly, some pronounciation of dialect are totally different from the original pronounciation. For example, in Ohio and Michigan, â€Å"yins† means â€Å"you†, and in north, â€Å"ayuh† is equal to â€Å"yes†, etc. Finally, looking at magazines to find new words is a job, its purpose is to update the dictionary. To sum up, I don’t think I am speaking American even though I am in New York now. The dialects in United States are diverse. In my opinion, dialect is a component of cultural activities. And some dialects are related to history, some are related to the life style of different region. There are a variety of expressions for dialects. Those include the differences of pronounciation, the new words for common meaning, net English, etc. Most important, no matter what kind of language we say, we should respect all of them and admit the existence value of them. At last, I think watching different American TV series is a good way for me to improve my American English.

Using ICT to help a man to sell his business

My user is my uncle who thinks he is too old to run his business. Mr. Devakumar (the owner/user) needs money urgently and his only son lives in a foreign country therefore he has decided to sell it to someone as soon as possible. The petrol station is located in South Harrow, bessborough road near ‘Alexander Park' and ‘Netto's'. The purpose of this document is to sell his petrol station he owns. He has handed over the job of selling his business to me. This will help him to sell his business. To do this job I need to get some information such as how much profit he makes a year, or what price he wants to sell it for etc. Interview What is your business? I own a petrol station. How much do you earn a year? I earn between 20 and 30 thousand pounds a year Do you have any problems? I don't think I can run this business, I am too old now. What type of a leaflet would you like? I would prefer an A4 with one fold. What colours would you like? Red, blue, silver, black and any other colours. Just make it look good Would you like a border? Yes in silver please. Possible Solutions I can draw the pictures and colour it in myself. I will use pencil and colour pencil to do the pictures. I could also cut out pictures from the newspaper or magazines. I will handwrite the text myself. I could use a photocopy machine to get more copies of leaflet. ICT methods Microsoft word There are many features including being able to change different font styles, sizes, word art, spell check, colour, background. It is ideal to write letters. Layout of both sides cannot be seen, folds are not visible and you cannot move your text/pictures easily. Microsoft publisher Allows you to create leaflets, pictures can be moved around easily but settings need to be done. Background colours can be changed easily. Training is required and is time consuming. Microsoft PowerPoint Allows you to make slideshows and presentation. Text boxes can be put in easily. Not much can be written on a page if done so than it will be all crowded and hard to be read. It's not suitable to make leaflets. Advantages of using ICT The advantages of using ICT to produce my leaflet are that you can cut and paste any images but also text. You can resize the images and manipulate them. You can change the font, colour, shape and size any time you like. If you make a mistake when you are typing you don't need to cut it out you could just delete it and continue writing. There is also a grammar and spelling mistake checker which will underline the word/phrase that is wrong. If you save it you could change its design any time. Using ICT you can keep your document save by saving it in your required files or sending to an e-mail or computer. You could also save it on a memory stick. Conclusion I have chosen Microsoft publisher to make my leaflet because it is the easiest way to make leaflets. I also know how to use it properly. It gives many choices to make different types of leaflets graphics can be inserted easily, textboxes can be linked and the colours can be used in different ways. Objectives * I must include pictures showing different parts of the petrol station including inside and outside. * Contact information should be able to be found at the back of the leaflet. * Basic and important information should be at the back.(e.g. contact information) * Text should be written in ‘Ariel'. * Text should be big enough to be seen easily e.g. 12pt or higher. * A4 paper with one fold. * Colours used should be red, blue, black and silver. * Borders should fade. * PART 2: ANALYSE Hardware Input devices needed Keyboard-type information into word, publisher, power point or excel. Mouse- allows to control things on the screen. Objects can be moved, resized or changed. Digital cameras- allows me take pictures (e.g. of user.) Output devices needed Printer-can print out leaflets. Monitor- can see what I am creating. Storage devices needed USB-documents can be saved and carried around. Hard disc- is the main storage device in a computer. Software Microsoft Publisher- good layout and text can be linked together on other boxes. Microsoft word- good facilities to write documents (letters, reports etc) Internet- download information from internet. I will use Microsoft publisher to create my leaflet. However I will also use Adobe Photoshop to edit the graphics. Data collection & input Data Required Source Collection method Input method Error checking Picture of user Digital camera Manually take pictures then download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user Picture of shop Digital camera Download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user company logo Internet Download from the internet Import into publisher Check with the user Information about the company User Type in word Import into publisher Check with the user & spell check in word. Map of place. Internet Download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user & check practically Data processing I will have 4 pages of text. I will only use one sheet of A4 sized sheet with one fold, so that there are 4 pages. I might use linked text boxes. I will format my text by justifying it; it should make my text look neater. I will use Comic Sans MC for my font to write the text and graphical font like word art for eye catching titles. I will edit my images using Photoshop, paint and Microsoft publisher. I might crop or resize my graphics to fit them in a suitable place. Data flow Outputs Card paper is strong but much more expensive. You can get it in different sizes as well. Plain A4 is cheaper compared to colour and card. It is the ideal size to make leaflets and can be folded in to preferred forms. A4 coloured paper more expensive than A4 but no ink has to be wasted on it for the background colour. But you cannot print certain colours on certain colours on certain coloured paper as it cannot be seen. Laser printer- This printer is much quieter, faster and its cost per page is much cheaper, the printouts have also better quality. They are much more expensive, bigger and the toners cost more compared to ink jet cartridges. Ink-Jet Printer- This printer is cheap to buy, the ink cartridges are cheaper and the printer is more space saving than the laser printer. Its printouts have a higher quality and are faster than dot-matrix printer but not as good as laser printers. Dot- matrix printers- Cheapest from all printers. But also the worst quality and it's very loud. I have decided to use the colour printer which is the laser printer as it makes the fastest and high quality printouts and it is the only one available in school. I have also decide to use the plain A4 paper as any colours can be printed on it, it cheap and any ideal size can found easily. Backup & Security The user should have a printout version of it and an electronic version on their computer. The user should have a back up copy so in case they loose the original version they will still have another copy of it. Nowadays they best way to save it on, is on a memory stick as it is portable but CD will do. Every time they open they file on the computer they should make a backup. To make it extra safe they should keep updating it at least once every fortnight. Another way of keeping it secure is to make a password with different characters (minimum 6 characters e.g. numbers, alphabetical letters, other characters such as /). The password could be anything personal or even something that doesn't make sense. PART 3: DESIGN User feedback on initial designs I am quite pleased the way the leaflet is presented but I would still like a few changes. I like the way colour and the borders are used. But could you try and add more detailed graphics, make sure there is a picture of me. Write why I want to sell it and important information such as contact information, words/phrases such as ‘for sale'. And make sure it always looks professional. I had also like images linking every title. Remember on the first page don't put any text going across. Subtasks * Make a draft version of leaflet using same paper but hand drawn. * Show user to check for any improvements. * Make another final design of it. * Collect map and create logo. * Produce leaflet on Microsoft publisher type details in word and insert * Show user check for any more improvements. * Make final leaflets. * Make more copies of it. Test Plans Test Expected results Actual results Changes needed Check if location map is present Map is positioned on back page Check if logo is correct Logo matches company logo Check if map is correct Map shows right location of shop. Check correct font is used.(Arial) Correct font used for suitable places Check if colours required by the user are used. (Black) Colour matches (black) Check if graphics are correct ( correct images, border fade) Graphics match as user preferred (logo, images) Check if contact information is found on the back of the leaflet. Contact information (Phone No., address) is found easily on the back of the leaflet. There shouldn't be a lot of writing squeezed together in one place. Font is big and clear. Writing is easy to be read. A4 paper with one fold should be used. A4 paper with one fold is used. PART 4: IMPLEMENT Evidence of making your leaflet * I first collected images from file and uploaded them into the software ‘Picture it'. * I used the crop tool to cut out each image. * I made text and faded it. * I put the images together. * I changed the orders of some images by right clicking the images and going to orders and choosing my preferred order, PART 5: EVALUATE Review objectives * I must include pictures showing different parts of the petrol station including inside and outside. – Done. I used the camera to take photographs and inserted into publisher. * There shouldn't be a lot of writing squeezed together in one place. – Done. I tried to put as much information as possible in a small paragraph. * Contact information should be able to be found at the back of the leaflet. – Changes were made as telephone number was put on first page as user preferred it that that way. * Enough information to convince the dealer to buy it. – Happy with the amount of information but not the way the information was used as it is not good enough to convince the buyer. * Basic and important information should be at the back. – Objective has been changed as the address and directions were put at the back and the basic brief details were put on the front page. User was happy with the changes. * Text should be written in ‘Ariel'. – Done by changing font to Ariel and typing using that font. * Text should be big enough to be seen easily. – Done, I used text font size 16pt. * A4 paper with one fold. – Done, A4 paper was used with one fold. User comments Overall I am pleased the way you have presented this leaflet. I still have some concerns about little things; you could have put a heading for each page of information, you only had few views from outside showing the petrol station. You could have taken images from different angles. Add more facts and statistics. You should have headings linking every page of information. But other than that I am very happy and glad that I handed over this job to you. I also like how you used the colours and different graphics. They way you presented the images was also good, tilting it and so on. Improvements * Have headings linking every page of information. * Add more pictures showing different views of the petrol station. * Add more facts and statistics in text.